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PHRASAL VERBS AND BASIC TYPES

Phrasal verb is a group of verbs that has a different meaning of the previous original verb by adding one or more prepositions or adverbs after it. For examples: on , as in, Turn on out , as in, get out after , as in, look after for , as in, look for up , as in, give up The words /on/, /out/, /after/, /for/ or /up/ is called Preposition (see Structure of Preposition in this blog). Those words are used to form phrasal verbs. The uses of the preposition in creating phrasal verbs has their own function. The existance of the prepositions in the phrasal verbs depend on the meaning when they are added behind the original verbs. From many cases I can see that there are two meanings created by adding prepositions at the original verbs, they are; 1.The meaning denotes the direction or place or time . In other words, the addition of preposition there creates adverb of direction or place and adverb of time. We, then, call this type "Nominal Phrasal Verbs". I call like

FUTURE PERFECT PROGRESSIVE TENSE

KEY: Progressive is also called "Continuous". So, this tense is also called FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE. This tense is used to express an activity that will be in progress before another time or event in the future. This tense emphasizes the duration of the activity. This tense also uses preword before the tense is expressed. Study this follows! Situation: 1) I will watch TV at 9.00.p.m. 2) My uncle will come at ten. 3) I will be sleeping at ten. From the situation above, we can see that there are two events occur at the same time (2 & 3). The future perfect continuous tense is expressed during one hour (From 9.00 to 10.00). Future perfect continuous tense will be said like this; I will have been sleeping for one hour by the time my uncle comes. The sentence means that both events occur at the same time but preceded by the sentence /I will watch TV at 9.00.p.m./ to emphasize the duration. Study this structures! (+) Subject + Will/shall + have + b

FUTURE PERFECT TENSE

KEY: Future Perfect Tense is used to express an activity that will be completed before another time or event in the future. In other words, This tense indicates the completion of an activity by a certain future time. To express an event or an activity, there must be a preword before the tense is stated. Study this follows! Situation : 1) I will take an English course in February. 2) I will work for Microsoft,inc in August. By the next time I work for Microsoft,inc., I will have taken an English Course. The first activity is /I will have taken an English Course./ and second one follows; /I work for Microsoft,inc.,/. Take notice that both activities happen in the future time. Let me say that this tense is combination between Simple Future Tense and Present Perfect Tense. Note : /By the next time/ introduces a time clause. Study this following structure! (+) Subject + Will/shall + Have + Past participle (-) Subject + will/shall + not + have + Past participle (?) Will/shall +

STRUCTURE OF PREPOSITION

Perhaps, most of you ask me about the title above. What's the matter with the preposition? How can I say that preposition has its structure? does "by", for instance," has a structure? So, what is "by" made from? Is that made froma cake? or cheese? (laughing ....). Let's go to the point! A preposition is used to connect a noun structure to others( e.g. pronoun) in a sentence. In other words, preposition is like a bridge which is used to connect between one place to other. So, Noun or pronoun is very important for preposition in order that preposition can be used. This automatically states that without nouns or pronoun, preposition will be nothing!. According to the usage in cases of sentences, preposition has 6 structures, they are; 1.In a structure of a noun e.g. I come from Indonesia. 2.In a structure of a pronoun e.g. He gave it to me Note: Pronoun here may be an objective pronoun and possession For examples: I need you . (Objective

STRUCTURE OF ADVERBS

Adverb is a word or Compound word which describes manner, quality, etc and modifies other words. (Adjectives only modifies a noun and pronoun). Adverb has a spesific structure which differs it from other structures like, noun and adjective. There are many types of adverbs in English, but the common usages are listed below. Types of Adverbs: 1. Adverb of Manner Adverb of manner modifies a manner to do something. In other words, adverb of manner modifies a verb. In this case, the verb is in lexical-meaning verb. For examples: He runs quickly. The sentence is the same as /he runs in a quick manner/. The structure of the adverb of manner is adjective which is added a suffix /-ly/ behind it. On previous page, we have already discussed about adverb of manner which has /-ly/ as its characteristic. However, not all adjectives can be added /-ly/, like; /hard/, /well/, /far/, etc. 2. Adverb of Place Adverb of place is an adverb which refers to a place. Adverb of

PERGURUAN TINGGI IDEAL

Adalah sebuah realitas bahwa pendidikan merupakan Subyek Kontributor Utama bagi kemajuan suatu bangsa. Corak dan esensi pembangunan bergantung pada bagaimana pendidikan itu dikelola sebagai salah satu tujuan Pendidikan Nasional secara menyeluruh. Maju mundurnya suatu bangsa terletak pada tingkat kualitas filter, proses dan output pendidikan itu. Pendidikan, sebagai pilar, penggerak dan sekaligus barometer kemajuan itu, merupakan hal mendasar yang tidak dapat dipandang sebelah mata dan konsentrasi obyektifitas bangsa, sudah seyogyanyalah, mengarah pada persiapan, perbaikan dan pembenahan serta pengembangan pola kependidikan sebagai hal yang mendasar dan wajib untuk ditingkatkan eksistensinya sebagai wadah pencetak generasi penerus pembangunan yang relijius, eastern-culture, berkepribadian, handal dan siap pakai serta memiliki daya jual yang tinggi baik sebagai di dalam maupun di luar negeri. Untuk tujuan tersebut diatas, proses bimbingan dan arahan serta pengajaran sudah jelas harus di

STRUCTURE OF ADJECTIVES

Adjectives usually denotes its function as a modifier of noun. By placing an adjective before a noun, adjective will give more information about what the noun is. In other words, adjective gives a description about the details of noun. For examples: She bought a thick book. /thick/ is an adjective which modifies the noun /book/ inside a complement. When there is no adjective /thick/, the book will be questioned and no information will be known from the book. She bought a book. (?) When we hear the statement above. At least, One question will come out of our mind and perhaps we will produce a question, like; "What book did she buy?". However, an adjective can stand alone without a noun inside a complement. For example: The book is thick . (Here, the adjective /thick/ modifies the subject /the book/, and it is a noun!) We also can say : That is a thick book. There are two functions of an adjectives, they are: 1.To modify a noun , e.g. a beautiful girl (/beautiful

STRUCTURAL OF NOUN

Noun is used in many cases of sentences in both English spoken and writing. The omission of a noun as one of a part of speech is impossible. Here in this chance, let me please give you the summary of a structure of noun in a sentence. 1.Subject of verb Noun is used as a subject of verb in a sentence. Verb, in this case, can be a structural-meaning verb or lexical-meaning verb. And, the subject is placed before the verb. For examples: Structural-meaning verb : Andi is confused. Lexical-meaning verb    : Mita call him many times over. 2.Object of Verb e.g. Lina puts the books on the table 3. Object of preposition (after a preposition) e.g. I took it from john. 4.Complement (after a certain verb) a).Subjective (after verbs like /be/) e.g. Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono is the president. b).Objective e.g. People elects Obama president . 5.Noun Adjunct e.g. John waited at the bus stop (before a noun) 6.Appositive e.g. John , president of his club, gave a speech

TRANSFORMATIVE AUXILLIARY

The changes that occurs with a word, say, a present verb into a past verb is the characteristic of English grammar. In this chance, we will discuss the changes of auxilliary from a present form into a past form which I call it "Transformative Auxilliary". Why Transformative auxilliary? Let's go to the point! FORM VS TENSES Most of Indonesian learners believe that /Form/ and /Tenses/ are similar. When they discuss about the changes, e.g. /will/ --> /would/ in a sentence like, /I should go/, They say that it is past future tense (they say like that because /should/ is a past change (not /Form/) of /Shall/. And, /Shall/ is a future auxilliary. This impacts in misunderstanding English grammar. They sometimes get confused to make different when Their English teacher discusses about it. Let me say that Form and tenses are different. /Form/ talks about the changes of a word physically and creates both new function and meaning but there is no relation to certain time of

FUTURE PROGRESSIVE TENSE

KEY : Future progressive tense is used when we would like to express something will be in progress at a time in the future. This tense can be only used when there is a statement preceding the tense or after. Study this following illustration! From the illustration above, we can see that what will happen in the future is discussed right now (point of speaking) and predicted will be done in the future. Point of speaking : 1.Shinta will be back home at 10.00 p.m. 2.Shinta will do her assignment at her office from 8.00 to 9.30 p.m. 3.Andi will come to her home at 9.00 p.m Then, Shinta says to andi : "I will be doing my assignment at my office. So, don't come to my home at 9.00 p.m!" The sentence /I will be doing my assignment at my office/ is the future progressive tense which describes what She will be doing around 8 to 9.30 at that night. When there's a phone call from Andi around 9.00 p.m, shinta will reply by using Present Progressive tense. For

DOES VERB AGREE AT THE SUBJECT ?

When we make a sentence, someting that must be taken notice is AN AGREEMENT where the verb agrees at the subject in Number and Person. What we usually find is when two or more singluar subjects connected by, the verb usually take a plural form. For examples: Andi and Tina go together. The verb /go/ agrees at /Andi and Tina/. It is because there are two persons in /Andi and Tina/ which is combined by a conjunction /and/. This will be different when the sentence is like this below! Andi or Tina doesn't have the same thought in that problem. When the conjunction /or/ is used, the existance of /Andi/ becomes one as well as Tina. Here, /or/ has separated both subject into singular. Therefore, an auxilliary /does/ is used to indicate that the subject is in singular. Let's take notice when the sentence is changed into Positive! Andi or Tina has the same thought in that problem. As you know that the verb /have/ must be correlated to subject /I/, /you/, /we/ or /the

DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH

Direct and Indirect speech is also called QUOTED AND REPORTED SPEECH . Quoted speech (Direct speech) refers to words said or reproduced when they are spoken. And, reported speech (Indirect speech) is an expression that reports or repeats the quoted speech to others. Study this follows! 1st person is a quoted speech. Here, Quotation marks both in the beginning and in the end of the sentence are used. And 2nd person is a reported speech. Here, quotation marks are omitted. There are Five types of quoted speech and reported speechs in English: 1.Statement, either in positive or Negative sentence. For examples: Quoted/Direct speech: She said,"I see him". Reported/Indirect speech: She said that she saw him. 2.Question a.Yes/No-Question : Use /if/ or /whether/ to express yes/no question in reported speech!. For examples: Quoted/Direct speech: She asked, "Are you a manager?" Reported/Indirect speech: She asked if I was a maneger. or, S

LETTERS AND WORDS

Alphabetic is different of letters. Alphabetic discusses a group of letters from A to Z. Letters is the other way to classify the alphabetic into two types, they are; 1.Vowel 2.Consonant Vowels will refer to letter /a/, /i/, /u/, /e/ and /o/. And, Consonants are out of vowels, like b,c,d,f,g,h,j,k,l,m,n,p,q,r,s,t,v,w,x,y and z . Both letters are classified for other important analysis in English Language, say, Syllables aspects, stress in pronouncing a word, etc. Letters are commonly used to build a word. In other words, letters create a word. In Indonesian language, word is a group of letters (either vowel or consonant) which are combined and has a certain meaning so that it can be apprehended by most of people. In English, Article (e.g. /a/, /an/ and /the/) is also a word. It is because it has a function and a certain meaning. Is it a structural-meaning word? Yes, That's true. But when someone say with an article inside of one's sentence, others will understand why h

PLAYING WITH DIRECT AND INDIRECT OBJECT

Object is the opposite of a subject. In Oxford Advanced learner's dictionary of current English, object is: 1. Something that can be seen or touched (e.g. material things or a thing) 2. Person or thing to whichaction of feeling or thought is directed.  In other words, object is a purpose of something done by a subject. When you hear the word "Object", grammatically, the verb must be in Transitive Verb and the sentence must be in Verbal sentence because the verb is lexical-meaning verb. From the statement above, we can see that object is a thing or person to which action, feeling or thought is directed (Oxford Gram.). Actually subject and object is the same. sometimes object can be a subject or vice verse. This depends on the point of view or to which the action or feeling of thought is stressed! For examples: Andi borrows some books from the library. Some books had been borrowed by Andi from the library. Like the definition above, object is a thing or p

PAST PERFECT TENSE

KEY : Past perfect tense is used to express something happened completely before another activity in the past time.From the definition we can see that both activities happenned so close. Study this follows! Sandy had finished the assignmen t before the teacher came to the class. Sandy had finished the assignment = Past perfect tense The teacher came to the class = Simple Past tense Before = Conjunction which is used to describes both activities in the past time. In this case, the first activity which happened is /Sandy had finished the assignment/ and athe second activity is /The teacher came to the class/. In other words, Past perfect tense precedes the simple past tense. We use Simple past tense here is to describes the real events/activities in the past time and how past perfect tense is used. And, most of cases use past perfect tense together with simple past. It is the same as when Past Continuous is used in line with Simple Past Tense. Here's the formula of Past perfect

SUBJECT AS A DECISION MAKER

Subject is the doer . In other words, subject is a verb maker even a verb creator. Without using a subject in a sentence, the sentence can not be called or named or defined as a sentence. It is because a subject is a core-element of a sentence beside a verb. Both a subject and a verb must be used to make a good sentence. Perhaps, some of you still doubt about this and submit your problem like an example below! Please Marry me! or, Be deligent! From the sentence above, when we read it at a glance, we will find that there is no subjects at the sentence. But when we take a look at its detail, the subject exists. Both sentences are command expression which have a subject, that is, /You/. In other words, subject /you/ is always used in the expression as well as in prohibition. So, why is the subject (You) is not placed and used there. Because the subject which is used is always /You/, Without placing the subject the expressions will still be understood or understandable. But when the
A N N O U N C E M E N T  ! Dear Learners, I would like to say thank you very much for all visitors, learners, readers and specially for our subscriber for visiting this blog and for High Dedication in English Grammar. Based on our simple research and suggestions which are submitted by all learners, we are very pleased to open an English Forum or EF-3nglish7 as a bridge to connect all learners around the world to ask to give comment about English Grammar. We do appreciate for all friends and visitors that have given us contributions to develop this blog! To access the EF, we will place a special page for it. You need to sign up to be a member and join the Forum. Your Email or username is needed to sign in then. Note: For Indonesian learners, When you have a question about English Grammar, please type [Ind] for Indonesian. Thanks so much! Best Regards, 3NGLISH7'S AUTHORS : A.Muhlisin Mr.Joe Mr.Een Miss Zilvia Signed in March 17, 2010 - Lampung/Jateng, 345